Yintoni umahluko phakathi koxinano olubonakalayo kunye noxinano olukhulu lwezinto zokukhusela ubushushu?

Uxinano olubonakalayo lubhekisa kumlinganiselo wobunzima bento ethile kumthamo wayo obonakalayo. Umthamo obonakalayo ngumthamo wokwenyani kunye nomthamo wembobo evaliweyo. Ubhekisa kumlinganiselo wendawo ehlala izinto phantsi kwesenzo samandla angaphandle kubunzima bento, edla ngokubonakaliswa ngeekhilogram ngemitha nganye yetyhubhu (kg/m³). Ingabonakalisa ubumdaka, ubulukhuni, ukuthamba kunye nezinye iimpawu zezinto. Kwizinto ezineemilo eziqhelekileyo, umthamo ungalinganiswa ngokuthe ngqo; kwizixhobo ezineemilo ezingaqhelekanga, iimbobo zingavalwa ngokutywinwa kwewax, kwaye emva koko umthamo ungalinganiswa ngokutsalwa kwamanzi. Uxinano olubonakalayo luhlala lulinganiswa kwimeko yendalo yezinto, oko kukuthi, imeko eyomileyo egcinwe emoyeni ixesha elide. ‌Kwizinto zerabha kunye neplastiki zokugquma, umlinganiselo weebhamuza zeseli ezivaliweyo kwirabha kunye nezinto zeplastiki uyahluka, kwaye kukho uluhlu loxinano olune-thermal conductivity ephantsi.

I-porosity ephezulu inokuyigquma ngempumelelo; kodwa uxinano oluphantsi kakhulu lunokukhokelela ngokulula ekuguqukeni nasekuqhekekeni. Kwangaxeshanye, amandla okucinezelwa ayanda ngokunyuka koxinano, okuqinisekisa uzinzo lwexesha elide lwento. Ngokuphathelele ukuqhutyelwa kobushushu, okukhona uxinano luncinci, kokukhona ukuqhutyelwa kobushushu kuphantsi kwaye kokukhona ukugqunywa kobushushu kungcono; kodwa ukuba uxinano luphezulu kakhulu, ukudluliselwa kobushushu bangaphakathi kuyanda kwaye isiphumo sokugqunywa kobushushu siyancipha. Ke ngoko, xa ukhetha izixhobo zokugqunywa kobushushu, kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela ngokupheleleyo uxinano lwazo olubonakalayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimpawu ezahlukeneyo zilungelelene ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zeemeko ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa.
Uxinano olukhulu lubhekisa kuxinano lwezinto ngokwazo, oko kukuthi, umlinganiselo wendawo ehlala into nobunzima bayo. Kwizinto zokuthintela ubushushu, ngokuqhelekileyo kubhekisa kumlinganiselo womoya wangaphakathi kunye nobunzima bokwenyani ngeyunithi nganye, obuchazwa ngeekhilogram ngemitha nganye yetyhubhu (kg/m³). Ngokufana noxinano olubonakalayo, uxinano olukhulu lukwayenye yeeparameter ezibalulekileyo zokuvavanya ukusebenza kwezinto zokuthintela ubushushu, ezinokubonisa ubunzima, ukufunxwa kwamanzi, uxinano olukhulu kunye nezinye iimpawu zezinto.

Ngoko ke, nangona zombini uxinano olubonakalayo kunye noxinano olukhulu zibonisa uxinano kunye nokuvuleka kwezinto zokushisa, zinomahluko ocacileyo:
1. Iintsingiselo ezahlukeneyo
Ubuninzi obubonakalayo bezinto zokuthintela ubushushu buvavanya ikakhulu iipropati zezinto ezifana nokuvuleka kunye nokuthamba, kwaye bunokubonakalisa ubudlelwane obulinganayo phakathi komoya kunye nobunzima bokwenyani ngaphakathi kwezinto.
Uxinano olukhulu lubhekisa kuxinano lwezinto zokufakelwa ubushushu ngokwazo, kwaye alubandakanyi naziphi na iimpawu zesakhiwo sangaphakathi.
2. Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokubala
Uxinano olubonakalayo lwezinto zokwambathisa ludla ngokubalwa ngokulinganisa ubunzima kunye nomthamo wesampuli, ngelixa uxinano olukhulu lubalwa ngokulinganisa ubunzima besampuli yezinto ezibonakalayo zomthamo owaziwayo.
3. Kusenokubakho iimpazamo
Ekubeni ukubalwa koxinano olubonakalayo lwezinto zokwambathisa kusekelwe kubungakanani obuhlala kwisampulu ecinezelweyo, akunakumela kakuhle ulwakhiwo lulonke lwezinto. Kwangaxeshanye, xa kukho imingxunya okanye izinto zangaphandle ngaphakathi kwezinto, ukubalwa koxinano olubonakalayo kunokuba neempazamo. Uxinano olukhulu alunazo ezi ngxaki kwaye lunokubonakalisa ngokuchanekileyo uxinano kunye nobunzima bezinto zokwambathisa.

Indlela yokulinganisa
Indlela yokufuduka: Kwizinto ezineemilo eziqhelekileyo, umthamo ungalinganiswa ngokuthe ngqo; kwizixhobo ezineemilo ezingahambelaniyo, iimbobo zingavalwa ngendlela yokutywina i-wax, uze emva koko umthamo ungalinganiswa ngendlela yokufuduka.
Indlela yePycnometer: Kwezinye izinto, ezifana nezinto zekhabhoni, indlela yepycnometer ingasetyenziswa, kunye ne-toluene okanye i-n-butanol njengesisombululo esiqhelekileyo sokulinganisa, okanye indlela yokufuduka kwegesi ephakathi ingasetyenziselwa ukuzalisa ii-micropores nge-helium ide ingabi safunxwa.

Iindawo zokusetyenziswa
Uxinano olubonakalayo luneendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa kwisayensi yezinto. Umzekelo, kwiimveliso zerabha yefoam eguquguqukayo kunye neplastiki yokufakelwa, injongo ephambili yovavanyo loxinano olubonakalayo kukuvavanya ukusebenza kwayo koxinano kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba uxinano olushushu kunye neempawu zoomatshini ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho. Ukongeza, uxinano olubonakalayo lukwasetyenziswa ukuvavanya iimpawu zomzimba zezinto kunye nokusebenza kwezinto kwizicelo zobunjineli.
Ukuba uxinano luyanda kwaye izinto zerabha kunye neplastiki ziyanda, amandla ezinto kunye ne-wet rent factor zinokwanda, kodwa u-thermal conductivity uya kunyuka ngokungenakuphepheka kwaye ukusebenza kwe-thermal insulation kuya kuhla. I-Kingflex ifumana i-total balance point efanelekileyo kubudlelwane obuthintelana phakathi kwe-thermal conductivity ephantsi, i-wet rent factor ephezulu, i-visual density efanelekileyo kunye ne-tear strength, oko kukuthi, i-optimal density.