Xa bekhetha izinto zokukhusela ubushushu, abantu abaninzi bacinga, “Azizo zonke izinto zokukhusela ubushushu? Ezona zingabizi kakhulu azinakwenzakalisa.” Nangona kunjalo, xa besetyenziswa, bafumanisa ukuba ukusebenza, iimeko ezifanelekileyo, kunye neendleko zezi zinto zintathu zokukhusela ubushushu ezisetyenziswa rhoqo—igwebu lerabhaubushushu, uboya beglasi, kunye noboya belitye—zahlukile kakhulu enye kwenye kunokuba bekucingelwa. Ukukhetha izinto ezingalunganga akuchithi nje imali kunye nomsebenzi kodwa kunokubangela neengozi zokhuseleko. Njengomntu obandakanyeka kakhulu kushishino lobushushu befoam yerabha, namhlanje ndiza kukunceda uqonde ngokupheleleyo umahluko phakathi kwezi zinto zintathu ukusuka kwiinkalo ezintathu: iiparameter eziphambili, iimeko zehlabathi lokwenyani, kunye nengqiqo yokukhetha, ukuze ukwazi ukuphepha ukwenza iimpazamo.
I. Ukuthelekiswa kweeParamitha eziPhambili: Qonda umahluko ophambili kwimizuzwana engama-30
Masiqale ngezinto ezibalulekileyo: itheyibhile enye echaza ngokucacileyo iimetrikhi eziphambili zezi metriki zintathu. Yonke idatha ivela kuvavanyo lweshishini kunye novavanyo olugunyazisiweyo, okwenza kube lula ukuyiqonda kwaye kube lula ukuyiqonda.
| isalathisi | igwebu lerabhaizixhobo zokukhusela ubushushu | Izinto zokukhusela uboya beglasi | Izinto zokwambathisa uboya belitye |
| Iimpawu zezinto ezibonakalayo | Irabha yokwenziwa + i-PVC ene-closed-cell foam (izinto eziphilayo) | Yenziwe ngemicu yeglasi enyibilikisayo (izinto ezingaphiliyo) | Yenziwe ngokunyibilika kwelitye lendalo/i-basalt (izinto ezingaphiliyo) |
| ukuhanjiswa kobushushu | 0.032-0.038 W/(m·K)（Izinzile ngakumbi kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi） | 0.032-0.042 W/(m·K)(Ukusebenza kakuhle kakhulu kumaqondo obushushu aphakathi) | 0.035-0.045 W/(m·K)(Uzinzo lobushushu obuphezulu) |
| Uluhlu lobushushu | -40℃ ~ 105℃ (Ukulungelelaniswa kokujikeleza kwegazi okushushu nokubandayo) | -20℃ ~ 300℃ (Izinzile kuluhlu lobushushu obuphakathi) | -200℃~700℃ (Umdlali oyintloko kwiimeko zobushushu obuphezulu) |
| Uvavanyo lomlilo | I-Class B1 flame retardant (iyazicima ngokwayo xa idibana nomlilo, ayinyibiliki okanye ithontsize) | Udidi A olungatshiyo (indawo yokutshisa idlula i-1000℃, kuphela i-carbonization yomphezulu). | Udidi A alutshi (lumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, aluxhasi ukutsha, kwaye aluvelisi msi unetyhefu) |
| Ukungangenwa ngamanzi kwaye akunamanzi | Ulwakhiwo lweeseli ezivaliweyo, olungcono kakhulu olungangeni manzi kwaye alunamanzi (alufunxwa manzi). | Kwizakhiwo ezineemingxuma, kufuneka kongezwe umaleko othintela amanzi/ongafumiyo. | Isakhiwo esivulekileyo senza kube lula ukufunxwa ngumswakama, ngoko ke kufuneka umaleko okhuselayo wangaphandle ukuthintela umonakalo womswakama. |
| Ubunzima bokwakha | Kulula ukugoba nokusika, ukusonga nje, akukho khuseleko longezelelweyo olufunekayo. | Ilula kwaye kulula ukuyifaka, ikhawuleza ukusikwa, imithungo kufuneka ivalwe ngeteyipu. | Uxinano oluphezulu kunye nobunzima obuphezulu kufuna ukufakwa okucwangcisiweyo kunye nokongezwa kwesheya yangaphandle yesinyithi. |
| Uluhlu lokutyeba | (6-50mm) | (30-100mm) | (50-100mm) |
| Ubomi benkonzo | Iminyaka eli-10-15 (ulwakhiwo lweeseli ezivaliweyo, ukwehla kokusebenza okucothayo) | Iminyaka esi-8-12 (izinto ezingaphiliyo, ukusebenza okuzinzileyo xa zisetyenziswa ixesha elide) | Iminyaka eli-15-25 (imelana nokwaluphala kunye nokugqwala, ixesha elide lobomi) |
Uhlalutyo olusekelwe kwimeko ethile: Ukukhetha ukhetho olungalunganga = ukuchitha imali + ukudala iingozi ezifihlakeleyo
Iiparameters zisalathiso nje; ukuziqhelanisa nehlabathi lokwenyani kubalulekile. I-Kingflex, isebenzisa amava eminyaka yeprojekthi, ichaza iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokusetyenziswa kwezi teknoloji zintathu ukuze ikuncede ufumane ngokukhawuleza ulungelelwano olufanelekileyo.
1. iifoam zerabha: “UKumkani woGuquguquko” kwiindawo eziphantsi kobushushu/iHydraulic
• Inzuzo ephambili yeKingflexigwebu lerabhayisakhiwo sayo esivaliweyo kunye nokulingana kwayo okuguquguqukayo, isombulula ngokugqibeleleyo imingeni yokufudumala kwamaqondo obushushu aphantsi, ukufuma, kunye namalungu antsonkothileyo.
• Izinto Ezibalulekileyo Ezisetyenziswayo: Iipayipi zokupholisa umoya, iipayipi zamanzi abandayo, izixhobo zokugcina ifriji/ifriji, iipayipi zasekhitshini nezangasese, kunye neendawo ezimanzi ezikwii-basement. Ezi zinto azifuni nje kuphela ukhuseleko lokubanda kodwa zikwafuna nokuthintela ukungenwa kwamanzi kunye nokumelana nokufuma.igwebu lerabhaayifunxi manzi phantse angabikho, isusa ngokupheleleyo iingxaki zokufuma, ukungunda kunye nokugqwala kwimibhobho.
• Iingenelo eziphambili: Ilungele kakuhle izinto ezintsonkothileyo ezifana neengqiniba, iivalvu, kunye nee-tee, inciphisa ilahleko zokuvala ubushushu; ukufakwa lula, nokuba kubasebenzi abangabasetyhini, okubangela iindleko eziphantsi zomsebenzi; iipropati ezithintela umlilo, ukumelana nomlilo kwe-B1 ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokukhusela umlilo kwisakhiwo.
• Izilumkiso Zokuphepha: Ungaze uyisebenzisele imibhobho engaphezulu kwe-105℃, kungenjalo iya kuguquka ize inyibilike;igwebu lerabhakwiindawo ezishushu kakhulu azilahli nje kuphela ifuthe lazo lokukhusela kodwa zikwavelisa nomsi onobungozi.
• Uboya beglasi: Ukhetho olungabizi kakhulu kwiimeko zokunciphisa ubushushu obuphakathi/ingxolo
• Uboya beglasi lukhetho olusebenziseka lula kwisakhiwo nakwiindawo ze-HVAC. Izinto eziphambili ezibalaseleyo kubo kukukhanya kwayo okukhaphukhaphu, ukumelana nomlilo kwiKlasi A, kunye nokufunxwa kwesandi, okwenza ukuba ifaneleke kwiimeko zobushushu obuphakathi, ezixabisa kancinci.
• Imeko Ezibalulekileyo: Ukwakha udonga/isilingi, imibhobho yomoya opholileyo, imibhobho yamanzi ashushu eqhelekileyo, ukufunxwa kwesandi kwiibhanyabhanya/ii-KTV/amagumbi eekhompyutha esikolo. Uboya beglasi bukhaphukhaphu ngama-50% kunoboya belitye, okwenza ukuphathwa nokufakwa kube lula. Ulwakhiwo lwayo olunemingxuma lufunxa ingxolo ephakathi ukuya kwephezulu, lubonelela ngeenzuzo ezimbini kwinye.
• Iingenelo Eziphambili: Ixabiso elifikelelekayo; ixabiso eliphantsi kakhulu kuneigwebu lerabhangenxa yobukhulu obufanayo; Udidi A olungatshiyo, aluxhasi ukutsha okanye ukukhupha iigesi ezinobuthi emlilweni, nto leyo eqinisekisa ukhuseleko oluphezulu; ifanelekile ukufakwa kwindawo enkulu, nto leyo ekhokelela ekusebenzeni kakuhle kolwakhiwo.
• Izilumkiso Zokuphepha: Ukusebenza kobushushu besakhiwo esivulekileyo seembobo kuya kuncipha kakhulu emva kokufunxwa kwamanzi, nto leyo edinga ukongezwa kwetheyiphu yefoyile ye-aluminium okanye umqobo wokufuma; ukunxibelelana ixesha elide kunokucaphukisa ulusu, ngoko ke iiglavu kunye neemaski ziyacetyiswa ngexesha lokufakwa.
• 3. Uboya belitye: “Ilitye lembombo lokhuseleko” kwiindawo ezishushu/ezingatshiyo
• Uboya belitye buyinto yeminerali engaphiliyo. Ukhuphiswano lwayo oluphambili luxhomekeke ekumelaneni nobushushu obuphezulu, ukungatshi, kunye nokumelana nokugqwala, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe lolona khetho lukhethekileyo kwiimeko ezineemfuno ezingqongqo zobushushu obuphezulu kunye nokumelana nomlilo.
• Imeko Ezibalulekileyo: Imibhobho yomphunga yemizi-mveliso, iibhoyila/izithando, iinethiwekhi zokufudumeza, iindonga zangaphandle zezakhiwo eziphakamileyo, imibhobho yokulandelela ubushushu kwizityalo zeekhemikhali, kunye neendawo zokuphunyuka emlilweni. Uboya belitye bunokumelana namaqondo obushushu afikelela kwi-700℃, kwaye umlinganiselo walo ongatshiyo we-A1 ukhusela izakhiwo ngexesha lomlilo, nto leyo ethetha ukuba zichitha ixesha lokukhupha izinto.
• Iingenelo eziphambili: Ixesha elide lokuphila, iminyaka eli-15-25 ngaphandle kokutshintshwa rhoqo; ukumelana ne-asidi kunye nokugqwala kwe-alkali, ifanelekile kwiindawo ezinzima ezifana nezityalo zeekhemikhali; ukufunxwa kwesandi okuphezulu kunye nokunciphisa ingxolo xa kuthelekiswa noboya beglasi, ifanelekile ukulawula ingxolo kwimizi-mveliso.
• Iingozi Ezinokubakho: Uxinano oluphezulu kunye nobunzima kwenza ukufakwa kube nzima, kufuna ukubopha okudibeneyo; imibhobho enobushushu obuphezulu kufuneka ikhuselwe nge-galvanized iron/aluminium sheet yangaphandle; ngaphandle komaleko ongenakunyakama, ukufunxwa komswakama kuya kunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kobushushu kwaye kunokukhokelela ekubeni i-powdered.
III. Ingqiqo Yokukhetha Izinto Ezibalulekileyo: Musa Ukujonga Ixabiso Leyunithi Nje, Bala "Ixabiso Lomjikelo Wobomi Opheleleyo" Abantu abaninzi bajonga ixabiso leyunithi kuphela xa bekhetha izinto, nto leyo ebangela ukuba iindleko zokugcina izinto kamva kunye namandla zidlule kakhulu kulindelo. Ingqiqo yokukhetha yokwenyani kukubala ixabiso lomjikelo wobomi lilonke, udibanise iinkalo ezintathu zemeko, ukhuseleko kunye neendleko.
• Khetha ngokweqondo lobushushu: Umgaqo oyintloko ngulo “ubushushu obuphantsi, khethaigwebu lerabha; ubushushu obuphakathi, khetha uboya beglasi; ubushushu obuphezulu, khetha uboya belitye.
• Ubushushu ≤ 105℃ (Imibhobho yomoya opholileyo, imibhobho yokukhenkceza, imibhobho yekhitshi neyegumbi lokuhlambela): Beka phambiliigwebu lerabha, njengoko ingangeni manzi, ingenamanzi, iguquguquka, kwaye iyakwazi ukuguquguquka, nto leyo ebangela iindleko eziphantsi zokulungisa kunye nokuthintela iingxaki zokufuma kunye nokungunda.
• Ubushushu obuyi-105-300℃ (Imibhobho yamanzi ashushu eqhelekileyo, imibhobho yokungenisa umoya yokwakha): Khetha uboya beglasi, obubonelela ngomlinganiselo ongcono kakhulu weendleko-ukusebenza, odibanisa ukumelana nomlilo kunye nobushushu, kwaye kulula ukuyifaka.
• Ubushushu obungaphezulu kwama-300℃ (Iipayipi zomphunga, iibhoyila, iipayipi zemizi-mveliso): Uboya belitye bubalulekile; ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu kunye nokungatshi ziimfuno ezinyanzelekileyo, kwaye uboya beglasi/ifoa yerabham ayinakuhlangabezana nezi mfuno zokhuseleko.
• Khetha ngokwemeko: Ukhuseleko kuqala, Ukuyekelela kwiindleko
• Imeko yeNode eFumileyo/eQokelelweyo: Irabha kunye nePlastiki > Uboya beGlasi > Uboya beLitye (Uboya beLitye bufuna ukhuseleko olongezelelekileyo lokufuma, nto leyo enyusa iindleko).
• Imeko ezineeMfuno eziPhezulu kakhulu zoKhuseleko loMlilo (Izakhiwo zokuHlala eziPhakamileyo, iziBhedlele, izikolo): Uboya beLatye/Uboya beGlasi > Irabha kunye nePlastiki (Irabha kunye nePlastiki zikumgangatho we-B1; izinto ezingaphiliyo zikumgangatho we-A, nto leyo ekhuselekileyo).
• Iimeko zokunciphisa ingxolo: Uboya belitye > Uboya beglasi > Irabha kunye neplastiki (Uboya belitye bunomoya ongcono wokufunxa isandi, bufanelekile kumagumbi eekhompyutha nakwizityalo zoshishino).
3. Bala iindleko: Musa ukuzityeshela “iindleko ezifihlakeleyo”
| Izinto eziphathekayo | Ixabiso leyunithi | Iindleko zokwakha | Iindleko emva kokugcinwa kwendlu | Ixabiso lilonke lomjikelo wobomi |
| igwebu lerabha | Phezulu | Iphantsi | Iphantsi kakhulu | Ephakathi |
| uboya beglasi | Iphantsi | Ephakathi | Ephakathi | Iphantsi |
| uboya belitye | Ephakathi | Phezulu | Iphantsi kakhulu | Phakathi naphezulu |
Umzekelo osebenzayo: umbhobho wamanzi obandayo we-DN100 weemitha ezili-100 osebenzisa i-25mm ngerabha-plastiki insulation (xa kucingelwa ukuba yi-50 yuan/㎡) uneendleko zokwakha ze-5 yuan/㎡ kwaye awufuni kulungiswa, nto leyo ebangela iindleko zizonke ze-5500 yuan kwiminyaka eli-10. Ukuba kusetyenziswa uboya beglasi be-50mm (xa kucingelwa ukuba yi-15 yuan/㎡), kufuneka umaleko ongenamanzi (8 yuan/㎡), kunye neendleko zokwakha ze-8 yuan/㎡. Ngaphezu koko, ukufuma kuya kufuna ukulungiswa, okukhokelela kwixabiso lilonke le-6000 yuan kwiminyaka eli-10. Nangona i-insulation yerabha-plastiki inokubonakala ibiza kakhulu, eneneni ixabisa kancinci ekuhambeni kwexesha.
Isikhokelo Sokuphepha Iingxaki Zoshishino: Iimpazamo Ezi-5 Eziqhelekileyo Okufuneka Uziphephe
1. Ukusebenzisaigwebu lerabhakwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphezulu: Ziyanyibilika kwaye ziguquguquke ngaphezu kwe-105℃, zilahlekelwa yimpembelelo yazo yokukhusela kwaye zivelise umsi onobungozi, nto leyo ebeka iingozi ezinkulu zokhuseleko.
2. Uboya beglasi obungenalo ukhuseleko lokufuma: Ulwakhiwo lwayo oluvulekileyo lufunxa amanzi, lunyusa ukuhanjiswa kobushushu ngaphezu kwama-50%, lunyusa kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwaye lubangele ukubola kwemibhobho.
3. Uboya belitye obungenalo ukhuselo lwangaphandle: Imibhobho enobushushu obuphezulu kufuneka ibe nokhuselo lwangaphandle lwesinyithi; kungenjalo, uboya belitye buyafunxa umswakama, bucole, kwaye ubomi babo bufutshane bube yiminyaka emi-3-5, nto leyo eyandisa iindleko zokutshintshwa.
4. Ukugxila kuphela kubukhulu, kungekhona kwizinto eziphathekayo: Kubukhulu obufanayo,igwebu lerabhazibonelela ngobushushu obuphezulu kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa noboya beglasi/uboya belitye. Ukufuna ubukhulu ngokungaboniyo kudla imali kuphela.
5. Ukungahoyi iimfuno zokusingqongileyo:igwebu lerabhakufuneka ingabi na-formaldehyde kwaye ihlangabezane nemigangatho yesatifikethi se-EU; uboya beglasi/uboya belitye kufuneka bungabi nathuli kwaye bube nobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo ukuze kuthintelwe ingozi kwimpilo yabantu nakwindalo esingqongileyo.
V. Isishwankathelo: Akukho zixhobo zibalaseleyo, kukhetho olufanelekileyo kuphela.
Ubushushu berabha-plastiki, uboya beglasi, kunye noboya belitye azingcono okanye azikho kumgangatho ophezulu; isitshixo kukufanisa imeko yesicelo:
• Ukuze kuthintelwe ukufuma kubushushu obuphantsi kunye nokuzivumelanisa nezimo kwiindawo ezintsonkothileyo, khetha ubushushu berabha-plastiki.
• Ukuze iindleko zisebenze kakuhle kubushushu obuphakathi kunye nokunciphisa ukugquma/ingxolo kwisakhiwo, khetha uboya beglasi.
• Ukuze umelane nomlilo oshushu kakhulu kwaye uhlale ixesha elide, khetha uboya belitye.
Xa ukhetha izixhobo, musa ukulahlekiswa “zixabiso eliphantsi” okanye “zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi.” Isigqibo esibanzi esisekelwe kubushushu, imeko yesicelo, ukhuseleko, kunye neendleko sibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nolawulo lweendleko ngokubanzi.
Njengeengcali kushishino lokufakelwa kwezinto zerabha neplastiki, sihlala sinamathela kwingcamango "yokukhetha izinto ezisekwe kwimeko ethile," sinikezela ngezisombululo ezenzelwe abathengi bethu. Siza kwabelana ngeengcebiso ezingakumbi zokukhetha izinto zokufakelwa izinto kunye neenkcukacha zokwakha kwixesha elizayo. Siyakwamkela wonke umntu ukuba ashiye izimvo aze axoxe ngemingeni yokukhethwa kwezinto ezidibana nayo kwiiprojekthi, ukuze sikwazi ukuphepha imigibe kwaye sikhethe izinto ezifanelekileyo kunye.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Matshi-05-2026
